Abstract

Alginate-based adhesives were formulated by incorporating micro-cellulose fibers (MCF, 20 μm) at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 wt%. Rheological measurements were conducted to assess viscosity behavior under varying shear rates, and pull-out tests were performed to determine adhesive strength. Increasing MCF concentrations resulted in higher viscosities, particularly at low shear rates. Pull-out strength exhibited a concentration-dependent trend, with 1 wt% MCF yielding the highest mean pull-out force of 3.41 N/cm². The results indicate that alginate-MCF systems offer potential as bio-based adhesives for bookbinding applications, although their mechanical performance remains below that of conventional petrochemical adhesives, highlighting the need for further optimization.